We position the label element to the right and add some padding. In the code below, we specify that a pointer cursor should be displayed when a user interacts with the hamburger menu. Here’s the output, displaying the styled navigation menu: Lastly, we use the CSS property and a max-height of zero to hide the nav element by default but reveal it when the menu icon is clicked: /* Nav menu */ We also select a black background-color for the nav element and specify that any overflow content from the nav element should be hidden.įor the menu link elements, we specify a block format display, add padding and color, and change the background-color from white to gray on hover. Then, we specify a fixed position to overlay the navigation menu on top of the main app content. In the code below, we specify width and height properties of 100 percent for the nav element in order to fit the content to the screen. Here’s the output, displaying the styled header and logo: Not to be confused with padding, the is the area around the logo that separates it from other elements. We style the logo by specifying the color, font-size, and left-margin. We also adjust the header to stretch across the full width of the device: /* Header */ To keep the header at the top of the screen during scrolling, we specify a sticky position and a zero offset from the top. The code below adds a black background-color and gray box-shadow to the header. Here’s the output, displaying the styled content and background: We also specify a white background-color and the Poppins font-family for the page content. Then, we use CSS reset to remove the browser’s default settings for margin, padding, box-sizing, text-decoration, and list-style. We define the CSS variables for the colors to be used in the app. This code imports the Poppins Google font for use in the app. We’ll add the following code to the style.css file to adjust the appearance of the HTML content: /* Theming /* import font */ Now, we’ll use CSS to style the different UI components and features: The nav tag serves as the list container. Then, we add the menu items as link list elements,, in an unordered list, ul. The input tag is used to conditionally display the menu depending on the state of the checkbox (class side-menu). We use a label tag to define the hamburger menu icon. With this strategy, we can style the menu according to whether the checkbox is checked. Lastly, we create a hamburger menu using a checkbox hack. We use the header and main semantic tags to separate the navigation bar and the main content of the page. It also includes a reference to the CSS style sheet. This code contains the structure and content of the web page. Adding the HTMLĪdd the following code to the index.html file: Using your favorite text editor, such as VS Code, create two files in one common folder:Ĭopy the index.html file path and paste it into a browser to preview the app. Our end result will look like so: Mobile view, with hamburger icon opened to reveal the menu items. In this tutorial, we’ll build a responsive menu, including a hamburger icon, entirely from pure HTML and CSS. Larger screens will display the menu items inline in the navigation bar. In this tutorial, we’ll use CSS to build the below responsive menu for mobile, tablet, and desktop:įor smaller screens, the user must click on a hamburger icon to reveal the menu items. This technique involves employing a simple HTML list structure to develop a menu of links that can be styled and rendered differently based on a device’s screen size. One common practice is to use pure CSS without one single line of JavaScript. There are many techniques available for building responsive mobile menus. This tutorial will review how to create a mobile-first responsive menu using only HTML and CSS. However, as important as a responsive menu is to a website’s UX, it’s not necessary to build it in JavaScript. The resulting webpages will automatically adjust to the size of the user’s browser window. With mobile-first responsive design, developers start with the smallest screen size and then gradually scale up, adding add more features and functionality for larger screen sizes. As of this writing, almost 59 percent of web traffic worldwide is attributed to mobile. The responsiveness of the menu is a key factor as well. A clear, concise, and intuitive navigation menu is essential for an optimized website user experience.
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